Terry E. Machen

Professor of the Graduate School Division of Cell Biology, Development and Physiology

Lab Homepage: http://mcb.berkeley.edu/labs/machen/

Env Full Directory Information

Research Interests

The general goal of our research since about 1995 has been to determine how lung airway epithelial cells respond to and prevent bacterial infections, particularly in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis.  

Current Projects

The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel located in the apical membrane of trachea and other secretory and absorptive epithelial cells. The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in CFTR. In the past we used patch clamp and transepithelial electrophysiology to characterize the permeability properties of the CFTR channel to Cl-, HCO3- and other anions. We later combined electrophysiology with digital imaging microscopy and genetic targeting of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and organic fluorescent dyes to show that the most important function of CFTR is to mediate the secretion of Cl- an HCO3in response to the presence of bacteria (most prominently Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in the airway lumen. In individuals afflicted with CF, reduced CFTR function results in altered luminal ionic milieu and accumulation of both viscous mucus with reduced activities of anti-bacterial products and also bacteria (most prominently Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and neutrophils. Disease symptoms result from the damaging effects of the bacteria, neutrophils and their secreted products. 

Since retiring, I have focused on teaching in Bio1AL (Intro Biol lab) and MCB136 (Advanced Human Physiology) but have also remained involved in research through collaborations: (i) Chi Li  (U. Louisville) and his group are determining how the quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxo-acyl)-homoserine lactone (C12) secreted by P. aeruginosa triggers apoptosis (cell suicide) in airway epithelial cells. Paraoxonase 2 (a lactonase in airway epithelial cells) cleaves C12 to smaller molecules that activate a novel form of apoptosis that involves mitochondria but not the pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and Bak. Li and his group are trying to identify other small, C12-like molecules that can be used to treat cancers that are resistant to common drugs that activate Bax and Bak. (ii) With Christian Schwarzer (UCB) and Horst Fischer (Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute) we showed that amino acids released from wounded or damaged airway epithelial cells are strong chemoattractants for P. aeruginosa to locate and bind to the cells. These bound bacteria may provide initial attachment sites for bacterial growth and persistence. (iii) Juan Ianowski and his group (U. Saskatchewan) have shown that P. aeruginosa trigger ion and fluid secretion from cells deep in the glands of tracheas in living pigs. Experiments in progress are testing whether local nerve networks control this secretion. Ianowski and his group are also testing whether in CF the small airways of the lungs may, in addition to suffering reduced Cl-HCO3- and fluid secretion, also suffer from altered Na+ absorption. 

Selected Publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers CFTR-mediated airway surface liquid secretion in swine trachea. [Luan X, Campanucci VA, Nair M, Yilmaz O, Belev G, Machen TE, Chapman LD, Ianowski JP. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 111:12930-5, 2014] Noted in Nature as a “Research Highlight”: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v512/n7515/full/512350d.html

Paraoxonase 2 serves a proapopotic function in mouse and human cells in response to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone. [Schwarzer C, Fu Z, Morita T, Whitt AG, Neely AM, Li C, Machen TE.  J Biol Chem. 290(11):7247-5, 2015]

N-(3-oxo-acyl) homoserine lactone inhibits tumor growth independent of Bcl-2 proteins. [Zhao G, Neely AM, Schwarzer C, Lu H, Whitt AG, Stivers NS, Burlison JA, White C, Machen TE, Li C. Oncotarget. 7(5):5924-42, 2016]

Chemotaxis and binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to scratch-wounded human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. [Schwarzer C, Fischer H, Machen TE. 2016. PLoS One. 11(3):e0150109, 2016]

Cystic fibrosis swine fail to secrete airway surface liquid in response to inhalation of pathogens  [Luan X, Campanucci VA, Nair M, Yilmaz O, Belev G, Machen TE, Chapman D, Ianowski JP. Nat Commun. 8:786, 2017]

N-(3-oxo-acyl)-homoserine lactone induces apoptosis primarily through a mitochondrial pathway in fibroblasts  [Neely AM, Zhao G, Schwarzer C, Stivers NS, Whitt AG, Meng S, Burlison JA, Machen TE, Li C. Cellular Microbiology, 20. doi: 10.1111/cmi, 2018.

Nebulized hypertonic saline triggers nervous system-mediated active liquid secretion in cystic fibrosis swine trachea. [Luan X, Tam JS, Belev G, Jagadeeshan S, Murray B, Hassan N, Machen TE, Chapman DE, Ianowski JP. Nature Sci. Rep. in press, 2019]

Airway submucosal glands from cystic fibrosis swine suffer from abnormal ion transport across the serous acini, collecting duct, and ciliated duct.
[Luan X, Tam JS, Jagadeeshan S, Grishchenko N, Hassan N, Gioino P, Shipley AM, Machen TE, Ianowski JP. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 318(5):L931-L942, 2019]
 

 

Photo credit: Mark Joseph Hanson of Mark Joseph Studio.

Last Updated 2021-08-07