CURRICULUM VITAE
Margaret Ann Liu

I. Personal:

Business:

Vice President,
Chiron Vaccines Research Chiron Corporation
4560 Horton Street
Emeryville, CA 94608

510-923-6778 Tel
510-923-2107 Fax
e-mail:margaret_liu@cc.chiron.com

II. Education:

Fort Lewis College (attended while in high school)	1971-1973
The Colorado College (Degree awarded in 1977)	1973-1976	Chemistry	B.A. Summa Cum Laude
Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris	1976-1977	Piano	Diploma
Harvard Medical School	1977-1981	Medicine	M.D.

III.Postdoctoral Training and Fellowship Appointments:

Internship and Residencies:

1981-1982	Intern in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
1982-1984	Resident in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Clinical and Research Fellowship:

1984-1988

Clinical and Research Fellow, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

IV. Memberships in Professional and Scientific Societies

1979-	Christian Medical Society
1981-	Massachusetts Medical Society
1986-	American Association for the Advancement of Science
1989-	New York Academy of Science
1990-	American Federation for Clinical Research
1990-	American Association for Cancer Research
1992-	American Society for Microbiology
1993-	American Association of Immunologists
1997-	International Society for Vaccines

V. Academic and Professional Honors

Specialty and Subspecialty Certification:

1984	American Board of Internal Medicine
1991	Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism

Medical Licensure: Pennsylvania

Awards and Honors:

1973	United States Presidential Scholar
1991	Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
1973	Boettcher Foundation Scholar (Full four-year scholarship to any university in Colorado)
1974	National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Program Grant
1976	Phi Beta Kappa
1976	Colorado College Dean's Award
1976	Rotary Foundation Fellowship for Overseas Study in the Fine Arts
1978	Massachusetts General Hospital Research Training Grant
1996	Fellow, Molecular Medicine Society
1997	Elected to Membership, American Society of Clinical Investigation (ASCI); and speaker for ASCI plenary session April 26, 1997

Endowed Lectureships:

Nov. 17, 1993	Rose Lectureship, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
Dec. 9, 1996	Inaugural Saul Krugman Memorial Lecture, NYU, NY, NY
Oct. 29, 1997	M.R. Hilleman Lecture, Childrens Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

Committees and Editorial Positions:

1993-present	(co-organizers: H. Ginsburg, H. Robinson, S. Johnston, H. Davis)
1994	NIAID Task Force on Immunology and Aging
1995	Expert Panel member, Future of Viral Immunology
1995	Chair, organizing committee, NYAS meeting on DNA vaccines
1996-present	Editorial Advisory Board, Molecular Medicine Today
1996-7	NIAID Immunology Task Force
1996	American Academy of Microbiology, ASM white paper on DNA vaccines
1996-present	Primary Reviewer for J. Immunology
	Ad hoc reviewer for Science, NatureMedicine, PNAS, J. Virology, J. Immunology, Immunity and Infection, etc.
1996	The Jordan Report on Vaccines, NIAID, Co-Author
1997	Harvard AIDS Think Tank (invited in previous years also)
1997	AMFAR Committee on AIDS vaccines for Developing Countries

International Meetings Organized:

April 1995	NYAS: DNA Vaccines (co-organizers: M.R. Hilleman, R. Kurth)
June 1996	American Society of Microbiology: Colloquium on the Scientific Future of Genetic Immunization (co-organizers: H. Ginsburg, H. Robinson, S. Johnston, H. Davis)
1999	Keystone Meeting on DNA Vaccines (invited by Keystone Committee) (co-organizer: J. Berzofsky)

VI. Academic Experience:

1987-1989	Instructor in Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
1981-1987	Clinical and Research Fellow in Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
1981	Lecturer in Chemistry, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO

Major Visiting Appointment:

1984-1988

Visiting Scientist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

Principal Investigator of Grants:

1985-1988

Physician Scientist Award 1K11AI00679, National Institutes of Health, $316,490 (5-year award)

VII.Merck/MRL Title and Committees

Title	Senior Director, Virus and Cell Biology
Duration	1994-1997
Responsibilities	Direction of research related to novel vaccines, adjuvants and delivery systems, combination vaccines, and bacterial conjugate vaccines.
Committees	MRL Research Coordination Committee, Associate Member, 1989-1997 MRL Peer Review Committee B, 1991-1994 MRL Computer Resources Steering Committee, 1990-1993 Natural Products Steering Committee, 1993 Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee, 1991-1992
Director	Harvard Medical School/Merck summer intern research program, 1991-1992

VIII. Talks and Invited External Lectures in the Past 4 Years

Endowed Lectureships: see above under Awards and Honors

Plenary Talks and Invited Lectures:

Jan. 11, 1994	Graduate Group in Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Jan. 13, 1994	Immunology and Aging: Vaccine Development for Immunization of theElderly, NIH, Bethesda, MD
Jan. 27, 1994	Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, FDA, CBER, DBP, Bethesda, MD
Mar. 21, 1994	Vaccines: New Technologies and Applications, Washington, D.C.
Mar. 27, 1994	Development of Vaccines against Respiratory Diseases, WHO, Nyon, Switzerland
May 26, 1994	Naked DNA, Children's Vaccine Initiative (CVI), Baltimore, MD
Jul. 10, 1994	Drug Carriers in Biology and Medicine, Gordon Conference, School, NH
Aug. 9, 1994	Genetic Engineering and Gene Therapy, Edinburgh, U.K.
Sept. 21, 1994	Plenary Session on Gene Therapy, Society for Leukocyte Biology, Augusta, GA
Sept. 25, 1994	Antibody & Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Polynucleotides Encoding HIV Antigens, NIH, Lab of Tumor Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD
Sept. 25, 1994	Perspectives in Transgenic Plants and Animals, Swiss Inst. for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
Oct. 15, 1994	Advances in Immunology & Immunotherapy of Virus Infections. VII Intl. Conf. Comparative & Applied Virology , Montreal, Canada
Oct. 24, 1994	Immune Responses to HIV Generated by DNA Vaccines, Colloque Des Cent Gardes, Retrovirus of Human AIDS & Related Animal Disease, (NCVDG Meeting) Paris, France
Nov. 15, 1994	Research in Adjuvants for Improving the Efficacy of Influenza & Pneumococcal Vaccines in Older Adults, Institute-Immunology & Aging, Bethesda, MD
Dec. 8, 1994	DNA Vaccines, Vaccines-Preventive Strategies for 21st Century, American Society of Microbiology, Phila., PA
Dec. 9, 1994	Vaccination with Genes, American Academy of Allergy & Immunology, Bethesda, MD
Dec. 11, 1994	DNA Vaccines: A New Approach to Vaccination, Banbery Center Conference, Planning for Next Generation of Vaccines, Cold Spring Harbor Lab., L.I., New York
Jan. 16, 1995	Keystone Symposia on Molecular & Cellular Biology, Keystone, CO
Jan. 29, 1995	2nd National Conference on Human Retroviruses and Related Infections, Washington, D.C.
Feb. 13, 1995	IBC 2nd Annual New Advances in Vaccine Technologies and Applications, Bethesda, MD
Mar. 11, 1995	Keystone Symposia: Discovery of Therapeutic Agents, Lake Tahoe
Mar. 15, 1995	Preclinical Efficacy of DNA Vaccines, New York Academy of Sciences, New York
Mar. 19, 1995	VACCINES '95, Lorne, Australia
Apr. 6-9, 1995	DNA Vaccines: A New Era in Vaccinology, Organizer, NYAS meeting, Arlington, VA
April 12, 1995	AAI Annual Meeting, Antigen Processing and Presentation: Strategies for Augmenting Immunogenicity, Atlanta, GA
May 7, 1995	OHOLO Conference: Vaccines: Novel Strategies in Design and Production, Eilat, Israel
May 8, 1995	Workshop on Active Immunization, Lund, Sweden
May 20, 1995	SCBA and NIH-FDA CAA Mini-Symposium, NIH, Bethesda, MD
June 12, 1995	Gordon Research Conference on Viruses and Cells, Tilton, NH
June 15, 1995	Int'l Workshop on Development and Applications of Vaccines and Gene Therapy in AIDS, Naples, Italy
July 13, 1995	SPIRAT/NCDDDG-HIV Conference, Novel HIV Therapies: From Discovery to Clinical Proof-of-Concept, Bethesda, MD
July 20, 1995	6th Int'l Congress, Washington, D.C.
July 22, 1995	Int'l Symposium on Clinical Immunology, San Francisco, CA
July 28, 1995	The 9th Int'l Congress of Immunology, San Francisco, CA
Aug.27, 1995	55th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
Sept. 13, 1995	Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases Meeting, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York
Sept. 27, 1995	Vaccines, One Hundred Years After Louis Pasteur, The Year of Louis Pasteur International Symposia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Oct. 17, 1995	Seminar Series on Tb, Public Health Research Institute, NYC
Oct. 18, 1995	Seminar Series, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
Dec. 11, 1995	Pandemic Influenza, NIH, Bethesda, MD
Dec. 13, 1995	Priorities for Vaccine Dev., Bethesda, MD
Feb. 6, 1996	Int'l Mtg. on Nucleic Acid Approaches, Bethesda, MD
Mar. 17, 1996	Symposium on DNA Immunization, Finnish Nat'l Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Apr. 19, 1996	Advances in AIDS Research & Therapy, Hood College, Frederick, MD
May 6, 1996	Biomedicine '96, Washington, D.C.
May 14, 1996	Jenner Bicentennial Celebration, London, England
May 17, 1996	ICMV Mtg., Moscow, Russia
May 31, 1996	Colloquium - Scientific Future of Genetic Immunization, Aruba
June 10, 1996	7th Int'l Congress Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong
June 11, 1996	NAS Colloquium: Genetic Engineering of Viruses & Viral Vectors, Irvine, CA
June 19, 1996	Progress on Modulation of the Immune Response to Vaccine Antigens, Bergen, Norway (session chair)
June 27, 1996	3rd Int'l Conf. on the Pathogenesis of Mycobacterial Infections, Stockholm, Sweden
Aug. 18, 1996	IUMS Congresses, Jerusalem, Israel
Aug. 28, 1996	Influenza Vaccine Policy Meeting, Bethesda, MD
Sept. 9, 1996	Molecular Approaches to Control of Infectious Diseases, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (plenary speaker and session chair)
Sept. 14, 1996	Recombinant DNA Hepatitis Vaccines Symposium, New Orleans, LA
Sept. 19, 1996	IDSA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA
Sept. 25, 1996	Human Gene Therapy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (session chair)
Oct. 27, 1996	Vaccines 2000, Toronto, Canada
Nov. 7, 1996	University of N. Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Nov. 8, 1996	Re-Emerging Inf. Diseases Symposium, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC
Nov. 9, 1996	Molecular Approaches to Control of Infectious Diseases, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Nov.19, 1996	ISDA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA
Dec. 9, 1996	Inaugural Saul Krugman Memorial Lecture, NYU, NY, NY
Dec. 13, 1996	Dutch Society for Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Jan 24, 1997	Session chair,4th IntÕl Conf. on Retroviruses, Washington, D.C.
Feb. 25, 1997	Session chair Vaccines Against Infectious Agents, AAAAI/AAI/CIS Annual Mtg., San Francisco, CA
Feb. 26, 1997	Vanderbilt Univ., Infectious Disease Grand Round, Nashville,TN



Oct. 15,1997	Lecture series on infectious diseases, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
Oct. 17, 1997	8th AnnÕl Asthma & Allergy Symposium, Johns Hopkins AnnÕl Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD
Oct. 24, 1997	Hematology/Oncology Teaching & Research Seminar, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY
Oct 26-28, 1997	1997 Whitehead Symposium on Infectious Diseases, MIT
Oct. 29, 1997	Annual Maurice Hilleman Lectureship, Philadelphia
Nov. 8, 1997	American College of Rheumatology, Washington, D.C.
Dec. 2, 1997	National Museum of American History, Smithsonian lecture
Dec. 3, 1997	ARI Vaccine Workshop, UC Ssn Francisco
Jan. 19-25, 1998	Joint Keystone Symposium: Molecular & Cellular Biology of Gene Therapy)/ Synthetic Non-Viral Gene Delivery System, Keystone, CO Jeannie Kellen, Program Coordinator
Feb. 6-8, 1998	7th IntÕl Conference on Lymphocyte Activation & Immune Regulation Newport Beach
Feb. 22 or 24, 1998	National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, MRH Award Dinner, Washington, DC
Feb. 25-28, 1998	Institut Pasteur Euroconferences, Paris
Mar. 11, 1998	Molecular & Cellular Biology of Dendritic Cells (A Keystone Conf.), Santa Fe
Mar. 18, 1998	HIV Pathogenesis & Treatment, Park City, UT
Apr. 7, 1998	TB: Molecular Mechanisms & Immunologic Aspects, Keystone, CO
Apr. 22, 1998	CFAR Lecture Series, U. Alabama
Apr. 30, 1998	1998 Gladstone Inst. of Virology Seminar, San Francisco
May 4, 1998	Washington University, St. Louis, MO
May 15-18, 1998	Symposium on Advances in Vaccine Vectors & Delivery, 8th IntÕl Congress, IntÕl Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston
May 24-27, 1998	Pasteur Weizmann Symp, Institut Pasteur, Paris
May 28-31, 1998	NatÕl Meeting American Society of Gene Therapy, Seattle
Jun. 3-5, 1998	6th Pacific Rim Biotechnology Conference, Hong Kong
Jun. 24-Jul. 5, 1998	NATO-ASI on Vaccines, Immune Responses to Vaccines, Cape Sounion Beach, Greece
Oct. 1, 1998	George Washington University Frontiers in Biomedicine Internet Lecture Series, Washington, DC
Nov. 1-6, 1998	10th IntÕl Congress of Immunology, New Delhi, India
Fall 1998	CSH Gene Therapy Meeting, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
1999	DNA Vaccines: Immune Responses, Mechanisms, and Manipulating Antigen Processing, Keystone, CO

IX. Other Skills, Qualities or Accomplishments

Fluent in written and spoken French

X. Publications:

Liu, M.A., Kranz, D.M., Kurnick, J.T., Boyle, L.A., Levy, R.A., and Eisen, H.N. Heteroantibody duplexes target cells for lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci., (USA) 82: 8648-8652 (1985).

Eisen, H.N., Liu, M.A., and Kranz, D.M. Binding of anti-receptor antibodies and lectins to the antigen-specific receptor complex of cytotoxic T cells triggers expression of cytolytic activity. From the Festschrift for Dr. R.R. Porter, Bioscience Reports 5: 885-892 (1985).

Pasternack, M.S., Verret, C.R., Liu, M.A., and Eisen, H.N. Serine esterase in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature 322: 740-743 (1986).

Liu, M.A., Nussbaum, S.R., and Eisen, H.N., Hormone/Anti-CD3 antibody conjugate mediates cytotoxic T lymphocyte lysis of human melanoma cells. Science 239: 395-398 (1988).

Liu, M.A., and Liu, T., Effect of recombinant soluble CD4 on human peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 82: 2176-2180 (1988).

Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., and Liu, M.A., Mechanisms of Enhancement of Serum Antibody by a Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Complex Conjugate Vaccine. In: Vaccines 90, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1990, pp. 419-424.

Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., and Liu, M.A., Immunogenicity of a Haemophilus Influenzae Polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Complex Conjugate Vaccine. J. Immunol. 145: 3071-3079, (1990).

Liu, M.A., Deck, R.R., and Donnelly, J.J., Use of the Outer Membrane Protein Complex of Neisseria Meningitidis as a Carrier for a Polysaccharide Antigen. Polymer Preprints 32:217-218 (1991).

Liu, M.A., Cho, W. S., Hawe, L. A., Khaw, B. A., Nossiff, N. D., Beuthien-Baumann, B., and Martinez, D., In vivo Evaluation of the Anti-Tumor Activity of Hormone-Antibody Bifunctional Conjugates plus Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Bispecific Antibodies and Targeted Cellular Cytotoxicity, eds. J.-L. Romet-Lemonne, M.W. Fanger, and D.M. Segal, Fondation Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine, 1991, pp. 213-217.

Liu, M.A. and Oliff, A., Transforming Growth Factor-b - Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Family of Growth Regulators. Cancer Investigation, 9:325-336 (1991).

Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., and Liu, M.A., Adjuvant Activity of The Outer Membrane Protein Complex of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B for a Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate. In: Vaccines 91, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 403-407.

Liu, M.A., Friedman, A., Oliff, A.I., Tai, J., Martinez, D., Deck, R. R., Shieh, J. T.-C., Jenkins, T.D., Donnelly, J.J., and Hawe, L.A., Major Membrane Protein of N. meningitidis: a Novel Lymphocyte Mitogen and Vaccine Carrier Protein. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. (USA) 89: 4633-4637, (1992).

Ulmer, J.B., Burke, C.J., Shi, C., Friedman, A., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Pore Formation and Mitogenicity in Blood Cells by the Class 2 Protein of Neisseria meningitidis. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 19266-19271, (1992).

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., DeWitt, C.M., Leander, K.R., Shi, X.-P., Parker, S., Felgner, P., Felgner, J., Montgomery, D.L., and Donnelly, J.J., Immunization with DNA Encoding a Conserved Internal Viral Protein Results in Protection from Morbidity and Mortality Due to Challenge with Influenza A in Mice. In: Vaccines 93, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 343-346.

Hawe, L.A., Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., Friedman, A., and Liu, M.A., Major Immunoenhancing Protein Isolated from Neisseria Meningitidis is Mitogenic for T Lymphocytes. In: Vaccines 93, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 353-357.

Deck, R.R., Donnelly, J.J., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A., Class 2 Outer Membrane Protein Isolated from Neisseria Meningitidis Induces Immunoglobulin Secretion by Murine B Lymphocytes. In: Vaccines 93, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 359-363.

Friedman, A., Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., Liu, M.A., and Martinez, D., Modulation of the Virulence of an H3N2 Influenza Virus in Mice by Method of Infection. In: Vaccines 93, eds. F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, H.S. Ginsberg, and R.A. Lerner, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 271-276.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Parker, S.E., Rhodes, G.H., Felgner, P.L., Dwarki, V.J., Gromkowski, S.H., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Friedman, A., Hawe, L.A., Leander, K.R., Martinez, D., Perry, H.C., Shiver, J.W., Montgomery, D.L., and Liu, M.A., Heterologous Protective Immunity to Influenza A by Intramuscular Injection of DNA Encoding a Conserved Viral Protein. Science, 259:1745-1749 (1993).

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Shi, X.-P., Leander, K., Shiver, J.W., Oliff, A.I., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D., and Liu, M.A., Targeted Delivery of Peptide Epitopes to MHC Class I by a Modified Pseudomonas Exotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 90:3530-3534 (1993).

Rhodes, G.H., Dwarki, V.J., Parker, S.E., Manthorpe, M., Felgner, J., Hawe, L.A., Donnelly, J. J., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A., Felgner, P.L.: Injection of expression vectors containing antigen genes induces cellular and humoral immunity to the antigen. In, Vaccines 93, ed., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R.A., pp. 137-141 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 1993.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Polynucleotide Vaccines. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 2:983-989 (1993).

Montgomery, D.L., Shiver, J.W., Leander, K.R., Perry, H.C., Friedman, A., Martinez, D. , Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Heterologous and Homologous Protection against Influenza A by DNA Vaccination: Optimization of DNA Vectors. DNA and Cell Biology, 12:777-783 (1993).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Immunization with naked DNA: a sexy technique (reply). Gastroenterol. 105:1252-1253 (1993).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Naked DNA and vaccine design (reply). Trends Microbiol. 1:324-325 (1993).

Donnelly, J.J. and Liu, M.A., Immunobiology of Protein Carriers, in Development and Clinical Uses of Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccines, ed. Ellis, R.W. and Granoff, D.M., Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1994, pp. 71-90.

Liu, M.A., and Vogel, F.R., Use of Novel DNA Vectors and Immunologic Adjuvants in HIV Vaccine Development. In AIDS 1994, ed., Rosen, C.A. and Kurth, R., Current Science, 1994, pp. S195-S201.

Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Montgomery, D., Shiver, J.W., Leander, K.R., Perry, H., Martinez, D., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A.: Polynucleotide vaccination against influenza. In, Vaccines 94, ed., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R.A., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 1994, pp. 55-59.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A.: Immunization with polynucleotides: A Novel Approach to Vaccination. The Immunologist 2:20-26, 1994.

Montgomery, D., Leander, K.R., Shiver, J.W., Perry, H., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1994. Nonreplicating DNA vectors designed to generate heterologous and homologous protection against influenza. In, Vaccines 94, ed., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R. A., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. pp. 61-64.

Montgomery, D.L., Donnelly, J.J., Shiver, J.W., Liu, M.A., and Ulmer, J.B. "Protein expression in vivo by injection of polynucleotides". Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 5: 595 (1994).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. "Presentation of an exogenous antigen by major histocompatibility class I molecules". Eur. J. Immunol. 24:1590-1596 (1994).

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Friedman, A., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1994. "Protective immunity by intramuscular injection of low doses of influenza virus DNA vaccines". Vaccine 12: 1541-1544.

Donnelly, J. J., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. 1994. "Recombinant vaccines: Technology and Applications". Curr. Opin. Therapeutic Patents.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A.: Immunization with DNA. J. Immunol. Meth., 176: 145-152 (1994).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1994. "Vaccination with polynucleotides: A novel means of generating immunity". In: Modern Vaccinology, ed. E. Kurstak, Plenum Medical Press, New York, 1994, pp. 13-23.

Liu, M.A., Davies, M.E., Yasutomi, Y., Perry, H.C, Letvin, N.L., and Shiver, J.W. Immune Responses to HIV Generated by HIV DNA Vaccines. (1994) in Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases. M. Girard and B. Dodet, eds., Fondation Marcel Merieux, 197-200.

Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D.L., Shiver, J.W., Motzel, S.L., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. Preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine: Enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus. Nature Medicine 1(6): 583-587 (1995).

Donnelly, J.J., Martinez, D., Jansen, K.U., Ellis, R.W., Montgomery, D.L., and Liu, M.A. Protection against papillomavirus with a polynucleotide vaccine. J. Inf. Dis. 713: 314-20 (1995)

Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Liu, M.A., and Ulmer, J.B. 1995. Humoral immune responses to influenza hemagglutinin by DNA vaccination. In, Vaccines 95, ed., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R.A., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY., pp. 91-94.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. 1995. Recombinant vaccines: Technology and applications. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 5, 211-217.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B. and Liu, M.A. 1995. Protective efficacy of intramuscular immunization with naked DNA. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 772, 40-46.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.D., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M. and Liu, M.A. 1995. Immunization with naked DNA. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 772, 117-125.

Liu, M.A. 1995. Overview of DNA vaccines. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 772, 15-20.

Liu, M.A., Hilleman, M.R. and Kurth, Reinhard. 1995. Preface. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 772, xi-xiv.

Shiver, J.W., Perry, H., Davies, M.-E., Freed, D.C. and Liu, M.A. 1995. Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Helper T Cell Responses following HIV Polynucleotide Vaccination. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 772, 198-208.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Shiver, J.W. and Liu, M.A. 1996. Prospects for the induction of mucosal immunity by DNA vaccines. In, Mucosal Vaccines, eds., Kiyono, H., Ogra, P., McGhee, J., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA,

pp. 119-127.

Shiver, J.W., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J. and Liu, M.A. 1996. Naked DNA vaccination. In, Concepts in Vaccine Design, ed., Kaufmann, S., Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, pp. 423-436.

Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A., Montgomery, D.L., Denis, O., Yawman, A.M., Drowart, A., Lozes, E., Vandenbussche, P., Van Vooren, J.-P., DeWitt, C.M., Deck, R.R., Content, J., and Huygen, K. 1996. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine. In, Vaccines 96, ed., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R.A., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 39-44.

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., Yawman, A.M., Friedman, A., DeWitt, C.M., Martinez, D., Donnelly, J.D. and Liu, M.A. 1996. DNA vaccines for bacteria and viruses. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 397: 49-53.

Shiver, J.W., Davies, M-E., Perry, H.C., Yasutomi, Y., Freed, D.C., Letvin, N.L., and Liu, M.A. Immunization Against HIV Gene Products Using Plasmid DNA. In, Vaccines 96, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1996).

Ulmer, J.B., Montgomery, D.L., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1996. "DNA vaccines". In, Meth. Mol. Biol., eds., Robinson. A, Farrar, G.H., Wiblin, C.N., Humana Press (Totowa, NJ), pp. 289-300.

Liu, M.A., Caulfield, M.J., Donnelly, J.J., DeWitt, C.M., Deck, R.R., and Ulmer, J.B. 1996. "Mechanisms of protective immunity for an influenza DNA vaccine". In, Vaccines 96, eds., Brown, F., Chanock, R.M., Ginsberg, M.S., Lerner, R.A., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (Cold Spring Harbor, NY.), pp. 79-82.

Ulmer, J.B. and Liu, M.A. 1996. ÒELI's Coming: Expression library immunization (ELI) as a potential means of vaccine antigen discovery". Trends Microbiol. 4, 169-170.

Huygen, K., Content, J., Denis, O., Montgomery, D.L., Yawman, A.M., R.R. Deck, DeWitt, C.M., Orme, I.M., Baldwin, D'Souza, C., S., Drowart, A., Lozes, E., Vandenbussche, P., Mooren, J.-P., Liu, M.A.,¤ and Ulmer J.B. 1996. "Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine". Nature Med. 2, 893-898. ¤Corresponding author

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1996. ÒGeneration of MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes by expression of a viral protein in muscle cells: Antigen presentation by non-muscle cells ". Immunol. 89:59-67.

Liu, M.A., McClements, W., Ulmer, J.B., Shiver, J., and Donnelly, J.J. 1997. "Immunization of non-human primates with DNA vaccines". Vaccine 15: 909-912.

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Fu, T.-M., Donnelly, J.J., Caulfield, M.J., and Liu, M.A. 1997. "Expression of a viral protein by muscle cells in vivo induces protective cell-mediated immunity". Vaccine 15: 839-841.

Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A., Montgomery, D.L., Yawman, A.M., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Content, J., and Huygen, K. 1997. "Expression and immunogenicity of M. tuberculosis antigen 85 by DNA vaccination". Vaccine 15: 792-794.

Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. 1997. ÒFurther protection against antigenic drift of influenza virus in a ferret model by DNA vaccinationÓ. Vaccine 15: 865-868.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1996. "DNA vaccines". ASM News 62(9): 476-9.

Shiver, J.W., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1996. ÒHumoral and cellular immunities elicited by DNA vaccines: Application to the human immunodeficiency virus and influenzaÓ. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 21: 19-31.

Ulmer, J.B. and Liu, M.A. ÒProspects for the development of a tuberculosis DNA vaccineÓ. The Jordan Report, NIH, Accelerated Development of Vaccines 1996, p. 59-62.

Liu, M.A., Yasutomi, Y., Davies, M.E., Perry, H.C., Letvin, N.L., and Shiver, J.W. 1996. Vaccination of mice and nonhuman primates using HIV-gene-containing DNA. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 48: 100-104.

Donnelly, J.J., Fu, T.-M., Friedman, A., Caulfield, M.J., Ulmer, J.B. and Liu, M.A. 1996. Further investigations on the potential utility of DNA vaccines for influenza, In Options for the Control of Influenza III, eds. L.F. Brown, A.W. Hampson and R.G. Webster, Elsevier Science B.V., pp 777-781.

Ulmer, J.B., Shiver, J.W., McClements, W. Montgomery, D.L., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A.. 1996. DNA Vaccination - A novel genetic approach to inducing immunity against disease.

Ulmer, J.B., Sadoff, J.C., and Liu, M.A. ÒDNA vaccinesÓ 1996. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8:531-536.

Shiver, J.W., Davies, M.-E., Perry, H., Freed, D. and Liu, M.A. 1996. Humoral and cellular immunities elicited by HIV-1 DNA vaccination. J. Pharm. Sci. 85, 1317-1324.

Ulmer, J.B., Montgomery, D.L., Donnelly, J.J. and M.A. Liu. 1996. DNA Vaccines. In Methods in Molecular Medicine: Vaccine Protocols., ed. A. Robinson et al., Humana Press.

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Montgomery, D.L., Yawman, A.M., Orme, I.M., O. Denis, Content, J., Huygen, K., and Liu, M.A. 1997. ÒInduction of immunity by DNA vaccination: Application to influenza and tuberculosisÓ. Behr. Inst. Mitt. 98: 79-86.

Fu, T.-M., Friedman, A., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A.¤, and Donnelly, J.J. 1997. ÒProtective Cellular Immunity: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against dominant and recessive epitopes of influenza virus nucleoprotein induced by DNA immunizationÓ. J. Virol. 71: 2715-2721. ¤Corresponding author.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1996. ÒToward the development of DNA vaccinesÓ. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., pp. 653-658.

McClements, W.L., Armstrong, M.E., Keys, R.D. and Liu, M.A. 1996. "Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding glycoprotein D or glycoprotein B, alone or in combination, induces protective immunity in animal models of Herpes simplex virus type 2 disease". PNAS 93:11414-20.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Shiver, J.W., and Liu, M.A. 1997. ÒDNA vaccinesÓ. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 15:617-48.

Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Liu, M.A., and Ulmer, J.B. 1997. "Characterization of humoral immune responses induced by an influenza hemagglutinin DNA vaccine". Vaccine 15, 71-78.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. 1997. DNA Vaccines. In Life Sciences. ed. E. Shevach, Vol. 60, pp. 163-172.

Lekutis, C., Shiver, J.W., Liu, M.A., Letvin, N.L. 1997. HIV-1 env DNA Vaccine Administered to Rhesus Monkeys Elicits MHC Class II-Restricted CD4+ T Helper Cells that Secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J. Immunol. 158: 4471-4477.

Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. DNA Vaccines, Encyclopedia of Immunology, I. Roitt, ed., Academic Press (in press)

Letvin, N.L., Montefiori, D.C., Yasutomi, Y., Perry, H.C., Davies, M.E., Lekutis, C., Alroy, M., Freed, D.L., Lord, C.I., Handt, L.K., Liu, M.A.¤, and Shiver, J.W. 1997. Potent, protective anti-HIV immune responses generated by bimodal HIV Env DNA plus protein vaccination. Proc. NatÕl. Acad. Sci. 94: 9378-9383.

Fu, T.-M., Ulmer, J.B., Caulfield, M.J., Deck, R.R., Friedman, A., Wang, S., Liu, X., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1997. Priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by DNA vaccines: Requirement for professional antigen-presenting cells and evidence for antigen trransfer from myocytes.. Molecular Medicine 3: 362-371.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.D. and Liu, M.A. 1997. DNA vaccines: A new category. In Veterinary Vaccinology, eds. Pastoret, P.-P., Blancou, J., Vannier, P., Versschueren, C., Elsevier (New York, NY), pp. 285-291.

Etchart, N., Buckland, R., Liu, M.A., Wild, T.F. and Kaiserlian, D. 1997. Class I-restricted CTL induction by mucosal immunization with naked DNA encoding measles virus haemagglutinin. J. Gen. Vir. 78: 1577-1580.

Montgomery, D.L., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J. and Liu, M.A. 1997. DNA Vaccines. Pharmacol. Ther. 74: 195-205.

McClements, W.L., Armstrong, M.E., Keys, R.D. and Liu, M.A. 1997. The prophylactic effect of immunization with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus glycoproteins on HSV-induced disease in guinea pigs. Vaccines 15: 857-860.

Shiver, J.W., Davies, M-E., Yasutomi, Y., Perry, H.C., Freed, D.C., Letvin, N.L., and Liu, M.A. 1997. Anti-HIV env immunities elicited by nucleic acid vaccines. Vaccines 15: 884-887.

Liu, M. A., 1997. The immunologistÕs grail: Vaccines that generate cellular immunity. Prof. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94: 10496-10498.

Liu, M.A. Vaccine technologies. Nature Med. (invited review) In press.

Various manuscripts in preparation/submitted.

Abstracts (listing incomplete)

Liu, M.A., Kranz, D.M., Kurnick, J.T., Boyle, L.A., Levy, R.A., and Eisen, H. N., a-T3/a-Ig Id mediated human CTL lysis of B lymphoma cells. FASEB Research Conference on "Lymphocytes and Antibodies" June 1985.

Liu, M.A., Khaw, B.A., Strauss, H.W., and Eisen, H.N., Heteroantibody duplexes target tumor cells for lysis by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Brit J. Cancer 54: 541-542 (1986).

Fisher, R., Barlow, P., Bertonis, J., Chao, B., Costopoulos, D., Flavell, R., Hirsch, M., Johnson, V., Liu, T., Liu, M., Maraganore, J., Meier, W., Rosa, M., Sato, V., Walker, B., and Schooley, R., Development of recombinant soluble CD4 as a soluble HIV antiviral. In Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Applications of Biologicals in Cancer and Immunodeficiency Disorders. UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, Vol. 100, J. Groopman, C. Evans, and D. Golde, (eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1988.

Liu, T., Crimmins, M.A.V., Meier, W., and Liu, M.A., Effect of rsT4 on human PBL responses in vitro. NIAID Cooperative Drug Discovery Program for AIDS Annual Conference, Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1988.

Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., and Liu, M.A., Mechanisms of Immune Enhancement of Serum Antibody Responses by an N. meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Complex Conjugate Vaccine. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1989.

Beuthien-Baumann, B., Liu, M.A., Nossiff, N.D., Strauss, H.W., and Khaw, B.A., In Vivo Targeting of a Murine Melanoma with Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Conjugated to Monoclonal Anti-T-Lymphocyte Antibody, OKT3. The Society for Nuclear Medicine 37th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 31(5): 854, 1990.

Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., and Liu, M.A., The Outer Membrane Protein Complex of Neisseria Meningitidis serogroup B has Adjuvant Activity for a Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1990.

Liu, M.A., Cho, W.-S., Nossiff, N.D., Khaw, B.-A., and Martinez, D., Development of in vivo Murine Models to Assess Efficacy of Hormone-Antibody and Antibody-Antibody Mediated Lysis of Tumors. Second International Conference on Bispecific Antibodies and Targeted Cellular Cytotoxicity, Seillac, France, October 9-13, 1990, abstract book p. 34.

Liu, M.A., Deck, R.R., and Donnelly, J.J., Use of the Outer Membrane Protein Complex of Neisseria Meningitidis as a Carrier for a Polysaccharide Antigen. Polymer Technology Conference of the American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, PA, June 3-5, 1991.

Ulmer, J.B., Friedman, A., Burke, C., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Pore Formation in Erythroctyes and Lymphocytes by the Class 2 Protein of N. meningitidis. J. Cell Biol. 115, 467a, 1991.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., DeWitt, C.M., Leander, K.R., Shi, X.-P., Parker, S., Felgner, P., Felgner, J., Montgomery, D.L., and Donnelly, J.J., Immunization with DNA Encoding a Conserved Internal Viral Protein Results in Protection from Morbidity and Mortality Due to Challenge with Influenza A in Mice. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Donnelly, J.J., Hawe, L.A., Martinez, D., Friedman, A., Montgomery, D., Leander, K.R., Rhodes, G.H., Dwarki, V.J., Felgner, P., Deck, R.R., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A., Immunization with Influenza A Nucleoprotein DNA Induces Specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Antibody. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Hawe, L.A., Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., Friedman, A., and Liu, M.A., Major Immunoenhancing Protein Isolated from Neisseria meningitidis is Mitogenic for T Lymphocytes. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Deck, R.R., Donnelly, J.J., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A., Class 2 Outer Membrane Protein Isolated from Neisseria meningitidis Induces Immunoglobulin Secretion by Murine B Lymphocytes. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Friedman, A., Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R., Liu, M.A., and Martinez, D., Modulation of the Virulence of an H3N2 Influenza Virus in Mice by Method of Infection. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Parker, S.E., Rhodes, G.H., Manthorpe, M., Felgner, J., Gromkowski, S.H., Donnelly, J.J., Montgomery, D.L., Liu, M.A., Felgner, P.L., Morrow, J., Dwarki, V.J. Intramuscular Vaccination of Plasmid DNA-Containing Viral Antigens Provides Protection Against a Lethal Viral Challenge. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Rhodes, G.H., Dwarki, V.J., Parker, S.E., Manthorpe, M., Felgner, J., Hawe, L.H., Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A., Felgner, P.L., Abai, A.M., Gromkowski, S.H. Injection of Expression Vectors Containing Antigen Genes Induces Cellular and Humoral Immunity to the Antigen. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines Including the Prevention of AIDS, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Sept. 16-20, 1992.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Shi, X.-P., Montgomery, D., Leander, K.R., Oliff, A.I., and Liu, M.A. Targeted delivery of an exogenous protein for presentation by class I MHC, American Society for Cell Biology, Denver, Colorado, November 15-19, 1992. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 supp., 55a.

Ulmer, J.B., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Shi, C., and Liu, M.A. Trafficking of Pseudomonas exotoxin A in eukaryotic cells: Clathrin-independent endocytosis and microtubule-independent transport, American Society for Cell Biology, Denver, Colorado, November 15-19, 1992. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 supp., 59a.

Liu, M.A., Injection of a cDNA Expression Vector Encoding a Conserved Viral Protein Generates Heterologous Protection, BioEast '93, Washington, D.C., January 24-27, 1993, Abstract book p. 57.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., DeWitt, C.M., Leander, K.R., Hawe, L.A., Perry, H.C., Shiver, J.W., Deck, R.R., Montgomery, D.L., and Donnelly, J.J., Heterologous Protective Immunity to Influenza A by Direct Intramuscular Injection of DNA Encoding a Conserved Viral Protein. Keystone Symposia "Emerging Principles for Vaccine Development: Antigen Processing and Presentation", Taos, New Mexico, February 8-14, 1993. J. Cell. Biochem. S17C: 90.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Shi, X.-P., Montgomery, D.L., Leander, K.R., Oliff, A.I., and Liu, M.A. Targeted Delivery of an Exogenous Protein for Presentation by Class I MHC. Keystone Symposia "Emerging Principles for Vaccine Development: Antigen Processing and Presentation", Taos, New Mexico, February 8-14, 1993. J. Cell. Biochem. S17C:92.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Hawe, L.A., Friedman, A., Shi, X.-P., Montgomery, D., Leander, K.R., Shiver, J.W., and Liu, M.A., Processing of an Exogenous Protein for Presentation by Class I MHC. Keystone Symposia "Virus Infections", Taos, New Mexico, March 17-24, 1993. J. Cell. Biochem. S17D:50.

Liu, M.A., Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., DeWitt, C.M., Leander, K.R., Hawe, L.A., Perry, H.C., Shiver, J.W., Deck, R.R., Montgomery, D.L., and Ulmer, J.B., Heterotypic Protection Against Influenza A by Intramuscular Injection of a DNA Expression Vector Encoding a Conserved Viral Protein. Keystone Symposia "Virus Infections", Taos, New Mexico, March 17-24, 1993. J. Cell. Biochem. S17D:83.

Rhodes, G.H., Dwarki, V.J., Felgner, J., Hawe, L.A, Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A., Felgner, P.L., Abai, A.M., Gromkowski, S.H. and Parker, S.E. Injection of Expression Vectors Containing Antigen Genes Induces Cellular Humoral and Protective Immunity. Keystone Symposia "Virus Infections", Taos, New Mexico, March 17-24, 1993. J. Cell. Biochem. S17D:84.

Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Liu, M.A., and Ulmer, J.B., Myocytes as antigen presenting cells: Generation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses by Expression of a Viral Protein in Muscle in vivo. Philadelphia Infection and Immunity Forum, April 14, 1993.

Liu, M.A., Martinez, D., Friedman, A., Shiver, J., Ulmer, J., Montgomery, D., and Donnelly, J.J., Immunization with Plasmid DNA Generates Protection Against Heterologous and Homologous Challenge with Influenza A in Mice. American Federation for Clinical Research, 1993 Clinical Research Meeting, Washington, DC, April 30-May 3, 1993. Clinical Research. 41:280A.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J., Montgomery, D., Martinex, D., Friedman, A., Shiver, J., and Donnelly, J.J., Injection of cDNA Expression Vector Encoding a Conserved Viral Protein Generates Heterologous and Homologous Protection. American Society for Microbiology General Meeting, Atlanta, GA, May 16-20, 1993, Abstract listing p. 4.

Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Hawe, L.A., Montgomery, D., Shiver, J., Leander, K.R., Perry, H., Ulmer, J.B., and Liu, M.A. Vaccination of Mice Against Influenza A Infection with Plasmid DNA: Heterologous and Homologous Protection. American Association of Immunology Meeting, Denver, CO, May 21-25, 1993, J. Immunol. 150:155A.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J., Montgomery, D., Shiver, and Donnelly, J.J., Injection of a cDNA Expression Vector Encoding Viral Proteins Generates Heterologous and Homologous Protection. Coordinated Therapies in HIV-1 Infection, 5th Conference of the National Cooperative Drug Discovery Groups for the Treatment of HIV Infection, Washington, D.C., July 11-16, 1993, abstract book, p. 86.

Donnelly, J., Friedman, A., Montgomery, D., Shiver, J., Leander, K., Perry, H., Martinez, D., Ulmer, J. and Liu, M. , Polynucleotide Vaccination Elicits Protective Immune Responses Against Influenza A in Ferrets and Monkeys, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, September 20-24, 1993, Abstract Book p. 55.

Liu, M.A., A. Friedman, D. Martinez, L. Hawe, J. Ulmer, and J.J. Donnelly. Polynucleotide Vaccines: Duration of Antiboldy Responses and Dose Requirements, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, September 20-24, 1993, Abstract Book p. 59.

Montgomery, D.L., Leander, K.R., Shiver, J.W., Perry, H.C., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J. and Liu, M.A., Nonreplicating DNA Vectors Designed to Generate Heterologous and Homologous Protection to Influenza A. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, September 20-24, 1993, Abstract Book p. 56.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Montgomery, D., Friedman, A., Shiver, J., and Donnelly, J.J., Protection from Heterologous and Homologous Influenza Challenge by Immunization with cDNA, Conference on Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development: Sixth Annual Meeting of the National Cooperative Vaccine Development Groups for AIDS, Alexandria, VA, October 30-November 4, 1993.

Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Hawe, L., Ulmer, J., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Vaccination with Plasmid DNA Coding for Surface and Internal Proteins of Influenza Virus Induces Long Lasting Antibody and Provides Protection Against Disease, Annual Immunology Conference, Phila., PA, November 9, 1993.

Hawe, L.A., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Friedman, A., Leander, K.R., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M., Injection of Plasmid DNA Encoding Influenza A Nucleoprotein Induces Cytotoxic T Lymphocutes Detectable Six Months Post Immunization, Annual Immunology Conference, Phila., PA, November 9, 1993.

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A., Intracellular Trafficking of an Exogenous Antigen for Presentation by MHC Class I Molecules. Mol. Biol. Cell 4 supp., 316a, 1993 (American Society for Cell Biology Meeting, New Orleans, LA).

Deck, R. R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Liu, M.A. and Ulmer, J.B. 1994. "Humoral Immune Responses to Influenza Hemagglutinin by DNA Vaccination". (Cold Spring Harbor Symposium: Modern Approaches to New Vaccines, Cold Spring Harbor, NY).

Donnelly, J.J., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Hawe, L.A., Montomgery, D., Shiver, J.W., Leander, K.R., Perry, H., Ulmer, J.B., Liu, M.A.: Vaccination against influenza A with plasmid DNA. American Society for Microbiology, May 23,-27, 1994.

Donnelly, J.J., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D., Liu, M. A.: Protection of rabbits from CRPV by immunization with DNA. 13th International Papillomavirus Conference, October 1994.

Donnelly, J.J., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D., Liu, M.A.: Naked DNA immunization protects rabbits from rabbit papilloma virus. Molecular Approaches to Control of Infectious Diseases, Cold Sring Harbor Laboratories, October 5-9, 1994.

Liu, M.A., Friedman, A., Martinez, D., Montgomery, D., Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J. J.: Enhanced protection against an antigenic drift variant of influenza A by a DNA vaccine compared to licensed vaccine. Molecular Approaches to Control of Infectious Diseases, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, October 5-9, 1994.

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., Liu, M.A. 1994. Antigen presentation after DNA vaccination: Generation of Immune Responses by Expression of a Viral Protein in Muscle Cells in vitro. American Society for Cell Biology.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., Montgomery, D.L., and Liu, M.A. 1994. Immunization with DNA: Biological solution to chemical problems (American Chemical Society, San Diego, CA).

Ulmer, J.B., Deck, R. R., DeWitt, C.M., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1994. "The Generation of Protective Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity by Polynucleotide Vaccines". FASEB J. 8, A748 (Experimental Biology 94, Anaheim, CA).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, J. Tung, and M.A. Liu. 1994. DNA Vaccine-Elicited Immunogenicities to HIV-1 ENV and REV Proteins. Conference on Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development (NCVDG#7) (Reston, VA).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, M.J. Caulfield, Y. Yasutami, N.L. Letvin, and M.A. Liu. 1994. DNA Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses to HIV-1 gp120 and REV. Molecular Approaches to the Contrl of Infectious Diseases (Cold Spring Harbor, NY).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, M.J. Caulfield, and M.A. Liu. DNA Vaccination-Induced Immune Responses to HIV-1 gp120 in Rodents and Non-Human Primates. 1994. Immune-Based Treatment Strategies for HIV (Bethesda, MD).

Liu, M.A., M-E. Davies, Y. Yasutomi, H.C. Perry, N.L. Letvin, J.W. Shiver. 1994. Naked DNA Vaccination: The Influenza Experience (Annecy, France).

Liu, M.A., Davies, M.E., Perry, H., Yasutami, Y., Letvin, N., Ulmer, J., Donnelly, J., and Shiver, J. 1994. Immune responses to influenza and HIV-1 proteins elicited by DNA vaccination. Seventh Annual Meeting of the National Cooperative Vaccine Development Groups for AIDS 58.

Huygen, K., Deneef, C., Drowert, A., Montgomery, D.L., Vandenbussche, P., Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B. and Content, J. 1995. Immunogenicity of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine containing genes encoding the components of the secreted antigen 85 complex. J. Cell. Biochem. supp. 19B, 94. Keystone Symposium on Mechanisms of Tuberculosis (Tamarron, CO).

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Shiver, J.W., Friedman, A., McClements, W., and Donnelly, J.J. 1995. Efficacy and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines for viral diseases. Keystone Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology (Keystone, CO).

Liu, M.A., Shiver, J.W., Montgomery, D.L., Ulmer, J.B., and Donnelly, J.J. 1995. DNA vaccines: Discovery and development. Keystone Symposium on Discovery and Therapeutic Agents (Lake Tahoe, CA).

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J., Shiver, J., McClements, W. and Donnelly, J., Efficacy and Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines for Viral Diseases. Vaccines '95, Lorne, Australia, March 19-22, 1995.

Liu, M.A., Immunogenicity and Preclinical Efficacy of DNA Vaccines. National Institutes of Health, Frontiers in Biomedical Science, 1995 Symposium, SCBA and NIH, Bethesda, MD, May 20,1995.

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J. Shiver, J., McClements, W. and Donnelly, J. Immune Responses and Pre-Clinical Efficacy of DNA Vaccines for Viral Diseases. 55th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, August 27-September 1, 1995, Stockholm, Sweden.

Liu, M.A., Caulfield, M., Donnelly, J.J., DeWitt, C.M., Deck, R.R. and Ulmer, J.B. Mechanisms of Antigen Presentation and Protective Immunity for an Influenza DNA Vaccine. Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases Meeting, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, September 13-17, 1995.

Shiver, J.W., Davies, M.E., Yasutomi, Y., Perry, H.C., Freed, D.C., Letvin, N.L. and Liu, M.A. DNA Vaccine-Mediated Induction of CTL and Helper T Cell Immune Responses to HIV-1 Proteins. Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases Meeting, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, September 13-17, 1995.

Ulmer, J.B., Montgomery, D.L., Yawman, A.M., Deck, R.R., DeWitt, C.M., Huygen, K., Content, J. and Liu, M.A. 1995. Protective efficacy of tuberculosis DNA vaccines. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, September 13-17, 1995.

Donnelly, J.J., Ulmer, J.B., McClements, W.L. and Liu, M.A. 1995. DNA immunization: influenza, herpes simplex, and papilloma virus. New York Academy of Sciences Meeting on DNA Vaccination (Arlington, VA).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Shiver, J.W., Montgomery, D.L., and Liu, M.A. 1995. Immunization with Naked DNA. New York Academy of Sciences Meeting on DNA Vaccination (Arlington, VA)

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., and Liu, M.A. 1995. DNA Vaccines: A Novel Means of Generating Immunity. Society for Industrial Microbiology Annual Meeting (San Jose, CA)

Liu, M.A., Ulmer, J.B., Shiver, J.W., McClements, W., Donnelly, J.J. 1995. Efficacy and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines for viral diseases. 39th OHOLO Conference on Vaccines: Novel Strategies in Design and Production (Eilat, Israel).

Liu, M.A. 1996. DNA vaccines immunogenicity and pre-clinical efficacy. Infectious Diseases 7th International Congress (Hong Kong, China).

Ulmer, J.B., Donnelly, J.J., Montgomery, D.L., Shiver, J.W., and Liu, M.A. 1995. Protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity induced by DNA vaccines. 39th OHOLO Conference on Vaccines: Novel Strategies in Design and Production (Eilat, Israel).

Ulmer, J.B., T.-M. Fu, C.M. Dewitt, R. Deck, A. Friedman, M. Caulfield, J. Connelly, and M. Liu. 1996. DNA vaccines for viral diseases: Immunogenicity and preclinical efficacy, European Association for the Study of the Liver 31st Annual Meeting (Geneva, Switzerland).

Ulmer, J.B., J.W. Shiver, W. McClements, D.L. Montgomery, J.J. Donnelly, and M.A. Liu. 1996. DNA vaccination: A novel genetic approach to inducing immunity against disease. Cell Biology 6th International Congress and American Society for Cell Biology 36th Annual Meeting (San Francisco, Ca).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, Y. Yasutomi, H.C. Perry, D.C. Freed, N.L. Letvin, and M.A. Liu. Immune Responses Elicited by DNA Encoding HIV Proteins. 1995. Conference on Formulations and Drug Delivery (Boston, MA).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, Y. Yasutomi, H.C. Perry, D.C. Freed, N.L. Letvin, and M.A. Liu. 1995. Immunization Against HIV Gene Products Using Plasmid DNA. Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases (Cold Spring Harbor, NY).

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, Y. Yasutomi, N.L. Letvin, and M.A. Liu. 1995. Nucleic Acid Vaccination with Plasmids Encoding HIV ENV and REV Genes. Second International Conference on Engineered Vaccines for Cancer and AIDS (San Francisco, CA). Cancer Biotherapy 10, 89.

Shiver, J.W., M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, and M.A. Liu. 1995. Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Helper T Cell Responses Following HIV Polynucleotide Vaccination (Arlington, VA).

Liu, M.A., J.J. Donnelly, W.L. McClements, A. Friedman, Y. Yasutomi, N.L. Letvin, J. Ulmer, and J.W. Shiver. 1996. Immune responses to DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates, Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

W.L. McClements, M.E. Armstrong, R.D. Keys, and M.A. Liu. 1996. The effect of immunization with DNA encoding HSV-2 glycoproteins on HSV-induced disease in mice and guinea pigs, Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

Ulmer, J., J.W. Shiver, M. Caulfield, and M.A. Liu . 1996. Mechanisms of Immunity and Antigen Presentation with DNA Vaccines, Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

Ulmer, J., K. Huygen, J. Content, I. Orme, O. Denis, S. Baldwin, R. Deck. C. Dewitt, A. Yawman, D. Montgomery, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Antigen 85 DNA induces protective immunity against M. tuberculosis. Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

Donnelly, J.J., D. Martinez, K.U. Jansen, R.W. Ellis, D.L. Montgomery, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Polynucleotide vaccine protects rabbits from cottontail rabbit papilloma virus, Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

Donnelly, J.J., T. Fu, M. Caulfield, A. Friedman, S. Wang, X. Liu, J. Ulmer, and M. Liu. 1996. Bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells and CTL responses to influenza NP DNA, Nucleic Acid Approaches for Prevention of Infectious Diseases Joint International Meeting (Bethesda, MD).

Shiver, J.W., H.C. Perry, M-E. Davies, D.C. Freed, Y. Yasutomi, D.C. Montefiori, N.L. Letvin, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Anti-HIV env Immunity Elicited by Nucleic Acid Vaccines. International Meeting on Nucleic Acid Vaccines for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases (Bethesda, MD).

Shiver, J.W., Y. Yasutomi, D.C. Freed, M-E. Davies, H.C. Perry, G.N. Pavlakis, N.L. Letvin, M.A. Liu. 1996. DNA Vaccine-Mediated Cellular Immunity to HIV-1 gag and env. Conference on Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development (NCVDG#8) (Bethesda, MD).

Montgomery, D.L., A.M. Yawman, R.R. Deck, C.M. Dewitt, K. Huygen, J. Content, M.A. Liu, and J.B. Ulmer. 1996. DNA Vaccine for TB: Optimization of TB Gene Expression and Trafficking in Mammalian Cells, Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd World Congress (Ottawa, Canada).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, J. Shiver, W. McClements, and J. Donnelly. 1996. DNA Vaccines Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Immune Responses, NAS Colloquium, (Irvine, CA).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, J. Shiver, W. McClements, and J. Donnelly. 1996. DNA Vaccines Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Immune Reponses, 7th IntÕl Congress for Infectious Disease (Hong Kong, China).

Liu, M.A. DNA vaccines immunogenicity and pre-clinical efficacy, Infectious Diseases 7th International Congress (Hong Kong, China).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, J. Shiver, W. McClements, and J. Donnelly, 1996. DNA Vaccines Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Immune Responses, Modulation of the Immune Response to Vaccine Antigens (Bergen, Norway).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, J. Shiver, W. McClements, and J. Donnelly, 1996. DNA Vaccines Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Immune Responses, IUMS Congresses (Jerusalem, Israel).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, T. Fu, M.U, A. Friedman, X. Liu, R. Deck, D. Freed, M. Davies, J. Shiver, J. Donnelly, 1996. DNA Vaccines: Protective Immune Responses and Mechanisms of Antigen Presentation, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (Cold Spring Harbor, NY).

Liu, M.A., J. Ulmer, J. Shiver, W. McClements, and J. Donnelly, 1996. DNA Vaccines: Pre-Clinical Efficacy and Immune Responses, IDS Annual Meeting (New Orleans, LA).

Liu, M.A.. 1996. Recombinant DNA Hepatitis Vaccines: Current Status, Future Advances, IDSA Symposium (New Orleans, LA).

Caulfield, M.J., T.-M. Fu, S. Wang, X. Liu, A. Friedman, J.B. Ulmer, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Generation of CTLs with DNA-Based Vaccines. Keystone Symposium on Lymphocyte Activation (Hilton Head, SC).

Ulmer, J.B., M.J. Caulfield, CM. Dewitt, R. Deck, A. Friedman, J.J. Donnelly, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Mechanisms of immunity induced with an influencza DNA vaccine.

Keystone Symposium on Lymphocyte Activation (Hilton Head, SC).

Letvin, N., J. Sodroski, J. Shiver, and M. Liu. 1996. Apathogenic chimeric simian human immunodeficiency viruses, New Insights in HIV (Hilton Head Island, SC).

Liu, M.A. 1996. DNA Vaccines, Vaccines 2000 (Toronto, Canada).

Fu, T.-M., A. Friedman, J.B. Ulmer, J.J. Donnelly, and M.A. Liu. 1996. Protective Cellular Immunity Induced by DNA Immunization CTL Responses Against Dominant and Recessive Epitope of Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein, American Association of Immunologists (San Francisco, CA).

McNeely, D.E. Arena, P.J. Kniskern, M.A. Liu, J.J. Donnelly, and M.D. Blum. 1997. Opsonic Antibody Responses to a Three Dose Pn-OMPC Conjugate Vaccination with a Fourth Dose Boost of Pn-OMPC Conjugate of Pneumovax¨23.

Fu, T.-M., A. Friedman, J.B. Ulmer, J.J. Donnelly, and M.A. Liu. 1997. Protective cellular imunity induced by DNA immunization: CTL responses against dominant and recessive epitopes of influenza virus nucleoprotein. San Francisco, CA.

Caulfield, M.J., S. Wang, K. Robson, X. Liu, M.A. Liu, J. Klein, and M. Ushio. 1997. The Effect of Aluminum Adjuvant Composition on Antigen Competition Between Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccines, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Association of Immunologists/Clinical Society Joint Meeting (San Francisco, CA).

XI. Patents:

Process for Making a Targeted Cell Susceptible to Lysis by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Liu, M7-299301. Filed: March 15, 1989.

The Class II Protein of the Outer Membrane of Neisseria Meningitidis Having Immune Enhancement Properties. 18160. Filed July 24, 1990.

The Class II Protein of the Outer Membrane of Neisseria Meningitidis Having Immunologic Carrier and Enhancement Properties. 18110. Filed July 24, 1990.

The Class II Protein of the Outer Membrane of Neisseria Meningitidis Having Immunologic Carrier and Enhancement Properties, and Vaccines Containing Same. 18159. Filed July 24, 1990.

Cellular Immunity Vaccines from Bacterial Toxin-Antigen Conjugates. 18475. Filed September 3, 1991.

Recombinant DNA Sequences and Plasmids for Cellular Immunity Vaccines from Bacterial Toxin-Antigen Conjugates, and Methods of Their Use. 18576. Filed October 4, 1991.

Nucleic Acid Pharmaceuticals. 18972. Filed March 18, 1993.

HPV DNA vaccine patent, Case No. 194301A.

Multiple Patents filed related to DNA vaccines for specific disease targets and specific methods of increasing expression or immunogenicity 1993-1997.

Polynucleotide tuberculosis vaccine, Case number 19342, filed 11/14/94 (awarded)

(1) Teaching diploma for piano, judges' unanimous decision

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